Google Launches Cloud Operating System 'Chrome' And Calls It A "Browser"

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Google Chrome.pngBack in the days when Microsoft was an unabashed monopoly, the company's strategy was "link and lever"--as in link new products to the Windows operating system and lever them into a dominant market position. Those who once used the market-leading Lotus 123, Notes, WordPerfect, and other programs will remember how effective this strategy was.

When Microsoft rolled out its first web browser, in 1995 (or thereabouts), it "linked and levered" again--by building Internet Explorer into Windows and soon rendering the then-dominant Netscape Navigator an also-ran. Of course, this particular linkage also got Microsoft in hot water with the Justice Department, and the resulting penalties and scrutiny essentially put an end to the "link and lever" strategy (and, with it, the fearsome seek-and-destroy intensity that Microsoft had employed since its earliest days).

Since the anti-trust trial, Microsoft has had to back down from anything resembling "link and lever," including the minor search-window defaults it tried to include in the last version of Internet Explorer a couple of years back that sent Google scurrying to the Justice Department. And the company's ability to lever IE's dominance into meaningful online market share has been hobbled ever since.

All of which is extremely convenient for Google, as it now continues to employ "link and lever" itself by building the equivalent to Windows in the cloud-computing world (albeit starting with an application--search--instead of the operating system).

If you're thinking about "Chrome" as just another web browser, you're missing the larger point. Chrome will no doubt function just fine as a browser, giving you yet another icon choice to add to your browser collection alongside IE, Firefox, and Safari. It will also likely include some whizbang new features that force Microsoft and Mozilla to immediately retool their own offerings. But that's almost beside the point.

In a couple of years, you won't be downloading Google's "browser." You'll be downloading "Google's software" (or, rather, you'll be clicking on a series of Google icons that come pre-installed). Specifically, you'll be working within a Google software environment that works sort of like Windows that will include:

  • Browser
  • Google Gears (offline and online apps, including email, messaging, chat, etc.)
  • Google desktop search
  • Google Earth
  • Open source development platform
  • etc.

The software will be seamlessly integrated, and it will make Google's (and other) online apps, games, etc. richer and simpler to use, especially if/when you're offline. It will feature a Google search window (and, unlike Microsoft, Google won't get in trouble when it sets the default to Google). It will be capable of running directly on any device without Windows. Unlike Windows, it will be free. And it will come pre-loaded--just like Windows--because who really wants to bother with downloading.

(Don't think pre-loading is important? The reason Firefox still only has about 20% of the browser market is that, outside of the tech community, mainstream users can't be bothered to download it. And they won't download Google's software, either, which is why Google will just pay PC makers--and Apple--to install it directly on the devices before they're sold to customers.)

What will this software be? A device-side operating system that supports web applications, just the way Windows supports device-based apps. Just listen to Google's description:

All of us at Google spend much of our time working inside a browser. We search, chat, email and collaborate in a browser. And in our spare time, we shop, bank, read news and keep in touch with friends -- all using a browser. Because we spend so much time online, we began seriously thinking about what kind of browser could exist if we started from scratch and built on the best elements out there. We realized that the web had evolved from mainly simple text pages to rich, interactive applications and that we needed to completely rethink the browser. What we really needed was not just a browser, but also a modern platform for web pages and applications, and that's what we set out to build. (Full "comic" tour here)

Is this another torpedo aimed at Microsoft's hold? You'd better believe it. If Google executes the strategy well, the major remaining advantage of Microsoft Office--rich desktop and device functionality--will eventually disappear, and Windows will become unnecessary. Not good news for Redmond.



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50 Comments

Shawn K (URL) said:
Well put! I've been trying to figure out how to say this, but you've done it quite well for me. :)

One of my first thoughts about 'Chrome' was how it will tie in to Android. It seems quite interesting how this will be public not all that long before Android should be available. This will provide them with some early feedback which could still be applied to a new phone browser.

LarryS said:
MS has used the dominant position of IE to kneecap the power of the browser, thus extending in time the ultimately doomed reliance on os-based (as opposed to browser-based) client side apps. It's been a continual struggle with MS pitted against Sun (java), Mozilla, etc., and this is a big salvo from Google.

How long until google applications start to run dumbed-down versions in IE and FF, and only in their full-blown glory in chrome? I am anxious for the day!

jbum (URL) said:
I think browsers are important enough, that we don't have to invoke "cloud" and "operating system" (of which this is neither) in order to communicate its importance.

It's an app. A potentially very important app, but an app.


Kontra (URL) said:
Google Chrome taking on Windows OS, as many pundits declared already? Chrome an OS?

Unfortunately, I think we have seen that movie some years ago. Remember the web-surfing appliances of yesteryear like Sony eVilla or 3Com Audrey and Kerbango? How about Compaq iPaq or Netpliance I-opener? Didn't think so:

Why Google Chrome is not a "Windows Killer"
http://counternotions.com/2008/09/02/chrome/

Alan (URL) said:
Has someone considered what kind of bandwith is required for such an infrastructure ? This idea can only come up from people who work all day in laboratories and have unlimited speed for their connection. All this sounds like the old thin client network computer that didn't go anywhere.

dwight said:
A couple comments on Microsoft.

First, Office: at the release of Windows 3, penetration was at first very low. So to say one is going to lever that grab marketshare in office productivity apps is imprecise. Rather, they bet the company on Windows, and won the bet. WordPerfect, Lotus, they blew it, being late to market with good Windows apps: the first version of Lotus 123 for Windows at the time was quite horrid (60+ seconds to start). MS also did another smart thing by bundling not the OS and the apps, but the apps themselves: who wants to buy word processor from one vendor and spreadsheet from another? The other vendors could have done that too, starting from a better position, in fact.

Second, let's remember that Netscape used to charge money for their browser software. That seems such a foreign concept today!

Max Favilli (URL) said:
Chrome is not a windows killer, is another windows rodent. And nicely and slowly eroding windows position.
Read the google comic about chrome and don't tell me you don't feel like they perfectly know how you use the browser.
Think about moving from windows to mac or linux now and tell me you don't have the feeling something changed due to internet, five years ago you would have said no way, now you think not yet.
There's a long way to go to really break Microsoft monopoly, this is just another step.
My question is, what is Microsoft doing? Is it doing anything?

Jim L said:
The two main flaws in your theory are:

1. Google has not built anything worth installing, ever.
2. AOL, MSN, Gator, and NetZero spent billions on a preinstall strategy.

Unless the application is seen as materially more useful, which I doubt given Google's track record, it will be installed, but never used.

Max Favilli (URL) said:
For Jim L.

Maybe I sounded such a google fan, which I am not. But what about Google itself isn't it a product, isn't it successful? Isn't it better than others available at the time?
What about Gmail? Isn't it successfull? Isn't it a product?
What about Google Docs? I don't have statistic on that, and they are far from replacing Office, but they are widely used.
And what about Google desktop search?

AOL, MSN, Gator, NetZero, and few more were wasting their money and annoying buyers, and everybody knew that.

joeblow said:
How is Google going to pay the bill for all that free, that you describe, hybrid op access for the masses?

I read the comic book although I don't understand most of it.

Here's Google's closing statement from page 38:

"This is our contribution, and we hope people will take some of these ideas, too; challenge them, build on them, and keep moving the web forward." (end)
--
I'm not sure that statement is entirely genuine, because the web is moving toward undifferentiated commoditization and, to my mind, a return to the importance of the portal. All successful advertising comes from portal value, the kind that the newspapers used to have in abundance and now see slipping away, and the kind that just 3 TV networks owned entirely among themselves from the 50s until maybe the mid-70s.

Thus, the statement would also put forward the supposed desire for commoditization of Search as well, and I doubt they really want that, at least right now, since that's Google's only way to pay the freight for the Google Apps and Chrome.

This is a defense against IE8, because of the elements of 8 that threaten Google's search domination.


Hehateme said:
This not about microsoft you idiots. This is about ads. Google Chrome is not a browser. Its fucking spyware.

Yes, I think the "operating system" terminology is poor. Something will still actually run the device (an operating system), but it won't be nearly as important to the user's experience of using the device as Windows used to be.

Meanwhile, applications will be built into and on top of the browser, not Windows. This is already starting to happen with web-based apps. Having a better rendering and processing engine on the device will make these apps far richer, and it will also allow them to run in some form when the machine is offline (like Google Gears).

Yes, it's similar to the "thin client" story of 10-15 years ago, but the Internet has already made that paradigm a reality. The next step is optimizing the device hardware/software for it.

pasan said:
Another really smart move by Google. I do believe that they will be the first company to ever challenge Microsoft.

onus said:
Google strategy seems to be picking out various strategies that would compete with Microsoft and, often times, encourage the public to advance it. They maintain certain products like search and docs but others like android and now chrome are given to the masses to chip at msoft. Wonder if msoft could employ the same strategy wrt search? How are mahalo and wikia doing?

mjw149 said:
Everyone in the comments seems to be missing the boat here, so let's try another tack:

The process management and javascript engine are the biggest new features. They seem to be aimed at improving performance by first, giving users more info about, and control over, performance and second, by giving the javascript engine more direct access to the hardware. By adding in google gears, you've created a (potentially) high performance RIA platform. And it requires a minimum of effort to move to it, because websites are already working in html and javascript.

Biggest effect? Sun's java, Adobe's flash and MS's flash knockoff look like targets. Google isn't going to rewrite their email, office and other apps in flash, they're going to make the entire internet RIA-capable.

As to the naysayers of Google's approach? Why is MS building out datacenters at a torrid pace? They know how this is going to turn out. The internet is going to win.

In 10 years, the default office PC won't have a local copy of Office. In 20 years, there won't be any copies of Office.

WillVIlle said:
I dunno, I think I'd rather sleep in a bed of broken glass than have to use Google Docs.
I think there are a lot of people out there that have a general aversion to having their data floating around on Google servers, than their own Machines.
That said, I find myself a little creeped out with the regularity and amount of time I spend online using Google services.

I tend to think as Google gets more and more dominant, rivals like Facebook,Microsoft,Yahoo and AOL will form alliances to limit Google's position.

Plus, now that Google is as large as it is, it's only a matter of time before the Fed' Govt begins to meddle in its operations with the regularity and aggressiveness that MS has had to endure. We probably have some pretty populist legislation coming (given the weak economy).

Also, Apple sure as hell isn't going to start installing Google OS over Mac OS. Every year Steve makes Zillions of $$$ by adding an extra iApp, some Wallpapers and a new Icon set to OSX.

Me.com signals the fact Apple isn't even almost willing to give-up the Online Battle.

Steve's like 'Sure, we'll use Google Services, but only ones we wouldn't waste capital on developing ourselves. BTW: Eric - you aren't getting near our devices with your rainbow logos, Simplistic CSS and Overused AJAX.


Olternaut said:
Yet another nail in Microsoft's coffin. The people at Microsoft are too entrenched in their way of thinking to make the necessary changes to adapt despite what is happening around them. And despite their rhetoric Microsoft IS dying a slow death.
Gate's was smart to get out when he did.

Just saw a screenshot and believe it or not it's still in beta. Will google ever launch something that's not forever in beta???

I will download this only when they take it out of beta, so Explorer will have at least 1 user for the next 10 or so years.

haymarket said:
As usual, the analysis goes way too far in an attempt to buttress HB's overblown "classic disruption" theory. In reality, Chrome is not much of a near-term threat to MS, but a potential Firefox killer.


Thomas (URL) said:
This is the best article I've read so far on the subject.

I think monetization will be a huge issue for these forays into major desktop software. They'll want (or user will want) it all to be free, so the question is: Will ad revenue increase enough through a huge shift of computing from the desktop to the internet (and other Google apps online and offline) to justify the investments in these projects (development and bandwidth)? I think it will. We'll see.

rod-uk said:
this just seems like a reactive move - not a actual strategy. google is driven by fear over potential impact of IE8.

E. McCrackin said:
Has anyone downloaded the thing yet?!?

Sol Irvine said:
This isn't really so much an *attack* on Microsoft as an attempt to pick up and relight the torch that Microsoft doused and cast aside in the late 1990s'.


Andrew Finkle (URL) said:
Chrome will mean different things depending on who/what you are. The one thing it does mean to everyone though is that the Internet is the operating system, and the clouds are moving closer to earh.

You are Apple;

This means that if it were not enough of a conflict of interest (Iphone VS Google's Android) to have Google CEO Eric Schmidt sit on your board - It is now. Look for Schmidt to resign sometime in the next six months.

If you are Microsoft;

This means that if you ever considered making Internet Explorer open source in the past, now is the time... You can not afford to wait, not even another minute. Expect Microsoft to make Vaporware like noise over the next few months about cloud widgets to give IE closer ties to cloud based initiatives.

If you are Yahoo;

you need to buy Mozilla.

If you are Firefox;

Keep your friends close, and your enemies closer...yes continue with your Google revenue deal, but learn how to monetize your Browser outside of a paid search deal. Leverage your large user base to form "spin-off" type "power of the crowd" businesses. Note to Firefox, hey you guys ARE a social network...you just haven't figured that out yet.

If you are Sun;

Realize that Java is even less relevant every day. First we kicked you out of client side computing because you were a resource hog. Realize that Java will now continue to be less and less relevant on the Server. What a waste of a good company... McNealy must have got hit in the head with one to many hockey pucks.

If you are a social network;

"social networks" would follow along with users in the browser. Truth be told, we thought it would be Facebook, or even more likely Firefox that would lead in this initiative. So if you are a social network, you need to know now Chrome is the first step in a series of moves that will make it unnecessary for your peeeps to ever visit your site (directly) again.

If you are an application developer;

Life used to be simple, eh? You knew that you should be developing applications for Windows, because that is where the 100's of millions of users were. Fast forward, and now you need to choose what platforms to support, and when. Of course it makes sense to develop for Windows still, but Apple now has a mass of millions of Mac OSx users, and if it a browser based app, write once for Safari, and it should work without much adaptation on the Iphone. There are over a billion cell phones in use world wide, however every phone requires writing to separately (yes even all those different flavors of Java are different phone to phone. Suddenly with Android coming, and a matching desktop browser you need to be here.

Lastly if you are a consumer;

There is always a bottleneck somewhere ... Think back 5-10 years ago, before what we now refer to broadband... Dial up was painffulllllyy slow, and when you tried to browse, the bottleneck was in your "last mile" connectivity. Once you got broadband, the lag time in reaching a site was likely in your PC (not enough ram, slow processor, etc). Before either of those issues though it was the software that was not "smart" enough to keep up with the ever faster CPU's being created.

Look for Chrome to optimize all these new "cloud" based application initiatives like Google Gears, etc. This is just another nail in the coffin for desktop based computing. In 10 years, likely 90%+ of your applications will reside somewhere outside of your home or workplace - but certainly not on your desktop.

www.twitter.com/A_F

Arul Sundaram (URL) said:
To me, this brings up a couple of questions: 1) is there real revenue here; and 2) if so, what is Yahoo doing?

I see Yahoo as being much more able to leverage it's leadership in Mail and Messaging to enter into the applications space. The only reason I use Google Spreadsheets or Google Docs is because they are easy ways for me to access attachments sent to me at Gmail. While Google will need to figure out a way to drive adoption of its cloud computing applications, Yahoo can "link and lever" right our of Mail and Messaging.

This was the promise of AOL before it sold its soul to Microsoft in the mid / late 1990s, and it seems to me to be a much more compelling growth company that Yahoo is today (read: a company top notch engineers would want to work for). I'm not sure who wants to solve the problem of "how to increase my Autos CPMs", but figuring out how to create an alternative to the desktop application seems pretty cool.

Joe Insider said:
Great article Henry--you're dead on! Its just a matter of time before Goolge creates/provides a full development & deployment platform online and all you will need is a browser, display, keyboard and connection to use and access pretty much any application or service.

sforce said:
Any thoughts on the possible impact to the large e-commerce companies, eBay and Amazon?

Jessica Simpson said:
Why is GOOG cratering just as press conf kicks off?

al said:
i think it is a good thing but the final word would have to come from sp4.

innorati said:
I think this is a defensive move by Google because of the coming cloud based Office offered by MS. Really I don't know why MS keeps trying to compete in search while it can easily become the dominant player in SaS space and surely there's more money there than search ads.

On the other hand, why doesn't GOOG just buy Sun, sell off the hardware part and promotes Java platform as whatever thin/thick clients that's hyped up today. Sun's market cap is less than 10B now and there's a lot of java developers out there, ready to make millions of apps.

Anyway, what do I know, I am just a developer.

Sean said:
You say, "if Google executes the strategy well"...

Well, that's the rub, isn't it. What strategy has Google actually executed well? They have a technically brilliant search engine, and they fell into an advertising model whose economics rewards the first-mover.

Since then... a series of technically good products, a series of technically poor products, and zero new revenue streams.

So what's the track record on developing and executing well on new strategies?

Sam J (URL) said:
"All we need to do now is load it on to a (free) operating system like Linux and wire it up to cloud storage (ala Mozilla Weave) for preferences (eg bookmarks, history) and user files (eg uploads, downloads) and we have a full blown Cloud Operating System!"

kcn said:
unlike the knowing, and all foreseeing ol skoolers, we use Mozilla with the advantage of the no scripts to allow browsing without the google anal-ytics.

this new search engine will promise that with more speed....... and the . know . where . you . have . been. policy

even in stealth

wat and what with the watt




Interesting - this browser is not anything cloud or OS. It is however an opensource app platform/framework with a good DOM. In being opensource, its only a matter of time before some jerk configures a hack and thugs your user experience.

If you leave everything at default setting, it does report your clicks. ( just watch a network analyser while loading then using this browser - it touches a lot of IP addresses that have nothing to do with the link you clicked )

Anyhow , i like it, and i know something about this stuff. Its a good team and there isnt anything evil here yet. Any i dont get how it hurts MS who makes nothing from IE and in fact regularly botches the jscript engine.

Zack said:
Serves Microsoft right for pulling a cheap stunt like making users pay for Office in Vista

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kgun (URL) said:

In a couple of years, you won't be downloading Google's "browser." You'll be downloading "Google's software" (or, rather, you'll be clicking on a series of Google icons that come pre-installed). Specifically, you'll be working within a Google software environment that works sort of like Windows that will include:

Browser
Google Gears (offline and online apps, including email, messaging, chat, etc.)
Google desktop search

Google Earth
Open source development platform
etc.

The software will be seamlessly integrated, and it will make Google's (and other) online apps, games, etc. richer and simpler to use, especially if/when you're offline. It will feature a Google search window (and, unlike Microsoft, Google won't get in trouble when it sets the default to Google). It will be capable of running directly on any device without Windows. Unlike Windows, it will be free. And it will come pre-loaded--just like Windows--because who really wants to bother with downloading.


Personally I know of a browser that already has much of that functionality, Opera, is secure and brilliant for disabled users. IE's security zones are false security, FF's privileges based security model better, and Chrome is open source:-)

There is no more efficient, feature rich, secure and acessible web browser until the opposite is proved than Opera.

I can not see how Chrome deserve the name OS, aside from giving information about running web applications.




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