Why The Unlocked iPhone Economy Won't Go Away* (AAPL)

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iphone-jack-johnson.jpgApple's new iPhone, launching July 11, will be some $200 cheaper and will (eventually) be available in 70 countries. In theory, this will curb the "unlocked" iPhone economy, in which people buy iPhones in the U.S., hack them so they can work with any cellphone operator, and sell them for big profits overseas.

Why? Lower prices and much wider availability will encourage many would-be unlockers to buy their iPhone legitimately, from the carrier in their country that Apple has partnered with.

But we don't think we've seen the end of the unlocked iPhone phenomenon. Why not?

First, the iPhone still isn't available everywhere -- most crucially, it still won't be sold (legally) in China. And second, there will still be people who want to use the iPhone on a low-cost, non-Apple-blessed carrier; Apple is still only teaming up with one or two carriers in each of the countries it will sell in.

But this is more an intellectual exercise than anything else. Now that Apple is giving up the most of the lucrative monthly kickbacks it used to get from carriers, unlocked iPhones won't be much of a financial concern to analysts who freaked out about all the money Apple was "losing" to unlockers.

Update: Helpful commenters note that during a conference call today, AT&T (T) said that in the U.S., you'll have to activate your new phone immediately -- not later, at home. (We'll tune into the archived call later for the exact wording.)

This adds an economic hurdle to the unlocking process -- AT&T's early termination fee, or riding out a 2-year contract -- meaning you'll have to work doubly hard to get an unlocked iPhone. Obviously this kills the deal for many of us, and will make it hard for individuals to "export" multiple phones. But we think that some buyers -- especially rich people overseas, who see the iPhone as a fashion item -- will still deal with that challenge to get their hands on an unlocked iPhone.

See Also:
Apple's New iPhone Strategy: More Units, Less Revenue
iPhone 3G No-Shows: Adobe Flash, Video Recording, Copy And Paste
Apple's iPhone 2.0: $199, 3G, On Sale July 11



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20 Comments

moo said:
The fact that you'll have to get a contract when buying now, rather than taking it away to activate it at home, should curb the unlocking rather more.

Do we know this is true? Will you not activate the phone at home anymore?

Geo said:
According to AT&T you will be required to activate the phone before leaving the Apple store. Listen to their afternoon conference call for details:

http://phx.corporate-ir.net/phoenix.zhtml?p=irol-eventDetails&c=113088&eventID=1873725

I think unlocking is over, which at least means the secondary market for the used 2G phones will be strong!

Tim F. said:
@moo As I said in the AT&T-focused post, this will just make the flow of the gray market shift from countries that require sim-unlocked phone be available INTO the U.S.

Thanks, missed their call. Will update.

Nate Westheimer (URL) said:
Can't wait to re-sell my 1st gen iPhone!

Updated; thanks again for the tip, all.

moo said:
I always figured most of the unlocking was done by organized groups buying in bulk. Sure the economic hurdles for an individual to unlock aren't much greater, as a mass operation it seems pretty dead.

As Tim F. says, I'm sure they'll just move to whichever country has the best economics for getting unlocked phones out.

The other factor here is that now Apple is no longer getting any cash on the back end, any incentive for them to keep unlockers out is greatly reduced (aside from whatever good faith effort is written into their carrier deals), so the phones could get a lot easier to unlock, or at least Apple won't be playing cat and mouse quite as hard.

chris said:
The ecomonics have not changed. They actually might have gotten better for Apple. Apple is now selling the item below or at cost, but gets paid a set fee from ATT or what ever carrier for the activation. Apple will not sell the phone at $199/$299 if you dont activate it since they will not be getting a commision from ATT (in the US). This in line with the wireless phone model in the US for the past 2 decades. Commisions can be anywhere from $200 to $350, depending on the plan you choose, so when all is done, Apple is still getting $400/$550 for the base and $500/$650 for the upgraded model. As much as Apple seemed to be loosing out when iphones were sold and unlocked in the past, from what I have read, the phones cost less than $180 to mfg, so all those unlocked phones being sold for $400 where still highly profitable, and allowed apple to sell far more phones than it could have on ATT alone. This model almost seems to be in ATTs favor, forcing people to actually use ATT......

EPS said:
Another fun thing about unlocking in the US- Thanks to North American spectrum allocation being different than Europe, the AWS band used by T-Mobile USA for their being-deployed 3G service is used by no other GSM carrier on the face of the earth. Thusly, the 3G iPhone doesn't have support, so even after paying for the phone, then an ETF on a short-lived at&t contract, you then get... EDGE! Might as well stick with the 2G iPhone, if you want to use T-Mobile.

Gary said:
O2 in the UK (o2.co.uk) has announced that it will be selling pay-as-you-go iphones that don't require a contract. Obviously they will be more expensive than the subsidised version but they will be the target of unlockers (as they will be presumably be locked to O2). Similar situations will exist in other markets no doubt.

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